Description: Dated ca. 1930-1939, this photograph shows a valley farm at an elevation of 758 feet in Washington Township located in Belmont County, Ohio. It is a community called Armstrong Mills and lies about 10 miles north of the Ohio River. The elevation is 758 feet. Armstrong mills is about 10 miles from the Ohio River. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B06F04_014_1
Subjects: Agriculture; Farming; Belmont County (Ohio); Aerial photography
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Belmont County (Ohio)
 

Description: Carte de visite of Pvt. William A. Harper, who served with Company B of the 77th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Company B was recruited from Noble and Washington Counties, Ohio. From: Aurelius Township, Washington County, Ohio Age: 21 Enlisted: November 15, 1861 Mustered Out: February 20, 1866 View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV200_b03_f16_09
Subjects: Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs; United States. Army. Ohio Infantry Regiment, 77th (1861-1866) Company B
Places: Noble County (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts an obelisk atop a small hill at the Mound Hill Cemetery. Founded in the 1800s, is the largest in Preble County. Originally called the Eaton Cemetery, it is now also called Mound Hill Union Cemetery and is located at 533 West Main Street, in Eaton. Named for a prehistoric Indian mound which can be found near the front which now holds the remains of 15 soldiers from General Anthony Wayne's army who were killed in an Indian attack on October 17, 1793. The remains were moved from burial sites at Fort St. Clair, then re-interred in the mound on October 1847, and a 10ft. monument of Rutland Marble erected. In the foreground are headstones for John Stephens and Ann Eliz., Daughter of John Stephens. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_010
Subjects: Cemeteries--Ohio; Obelisks; Mounds--Ohio; Wayne, Anthony, 1745-1796; Fort St. Clair (Ohio)
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Eaton (Ohio); Preble County (Ohio)
 

Description: Fugitive slaves used these caves in Salem Township, Washington County, Ohio, to hide as they fled to freedom in Canada on the Underground Railroad. The image was collected by Ohio State University professor Wilbur H. Siebert (1866-1961). Siebert began researching the Underground Railroad in the 1890s as a way to interest his students in history. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03184
Subjects: Underground Railroad--Ohio; Ohio History--Slavery, Anti-Slavery and Civil Rights
Places: Salem Township (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is an image of the shelter house at Fort Ancient State Park, located in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio. Built of stone, the open-air shelter has a pitched roof and an interior filled with picnic tables. Fort Ancient State Memorial is Ohio’s first state park. The Fort Ancient Earthworks are a series of earthen embankments that extend for more than three and one half miles around a high bluff along the Little Miami River in southwestern Ohio. Although it is called a "fort," it probably never served as a defensive work. Ditches are located inside the walls rather than outside as might be expected in a fortification. There are more than 60 gateways in the walls, making it difficult to defend the site against enemies. The Hopewell culture (100 B.C. to 500 A. D.) of prehistoric American Indian people constructed the earthworks. Later native residents built a village and a cemetery within the walls of the already ancient South Fort. Archaeologists mistakenly assumed that these villagers had built the earthen walls. It was called the Fort Ancient culture (1000 A.D. to 1650 A.D.) after the name of the site. This mistake has caused confusion for later students of Ohio archaeology. Recent excavations at Fort Ancient have discovered the remains of Hopewell culture houses and ceremonial features both inside and outside of the enclosure walls. It is not known whether the houses located inside the enclosure were occupied before or after the enclosure was built. It also has yet to be determined whether the houses were the dwellings of more or less full time residents, or the temporary shelters of visitors. The Fort Ancient Earthworks is an Ohio Historical Society site open to visitation. It is located seven miles southeast of Lebanon, in Warren County, Ohio. In addition to the earthworks, the site features a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. The Fort Ancient Earthworks site also is a National Historic Landmark. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08011
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a tintype photograph of William Epler, who served with Company B of the 77th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (OVI). According to the reverse of the photograph, Epler is from Liberty Township, Washington County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV200_b01_24
Subjects: Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs; United States. Army. Ohio Infantry Regiment, 77th (1861-1866) Company B; Military Ohio
Places: Liberty Township (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Long, curving pointed antler tine has smoothed surface and is rough cut at the large end. The antler is pinkish gray in color. Item was found at the Clifford Williams Site in Washington Township, Logan County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07357
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Tools; American Indian history and society; Glacial Kame Culture (8000-800 B.C.)
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Logan County (Ohio)
 

Description: Hoe is an unmodified deer scapula that would have been attached to a wooden handle. The bone is pale yellow in color. Item was found at the Anderson Village Site in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07367
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); American Indian history and society; Tools
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Hoe was made by drilling a hole through a shell to accommodate a wooden handle. The exterior of the shell is pale yellow and the interior is white. Item was found at the Anderson Village Site in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07368
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indian history and society; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Tools
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Mottled red and gray granite discoidal, also called a chunky stone, is a small, round disk with rounded edges. Both faces are concave. Participants rolled the discoidal on its rim over a specially-prepared area, then threw spears or shot arrows at it, with the winner being the person whose projectile came closest to the discoidal when it stopped. Item was found at the Anderson Village Site in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07369
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indian history and society; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650)
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Anderson incised ceramic pot is small with a rounded base, rounded shoulders and a vertical rim. There are two strap handles attached at opposite sides of the rim. The neck is decorated with a haphazard incised two-line guilloche design. Around the shoulders is a single line of circular punctates (indentations). There are additional punctates on the lip and on each of the strap handles. The pot is shell tempered. It appears that the surface was cordmarked, but the impressions were greatly smoothed. The color varies from brown to dark gray. Item was found at the Anderson Village Site in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07380
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indian history and society; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Pottery
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portions of the upper jaw and the frontal part of a wolf's skull were cut and shaped to be worn as a mask. It has been broken into many fragments. The remaining pieces are glued together with several significant losses. Several teeth are missing and the left canine tooth is broken. Item was found at the Clifford Williams Site in Washington Township, Logan County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07403
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indian history and society; Bones; Teeth; Glacial Kame Culture (8000-800 B.C.)
Places: Washington Township (Ohio); Logan County (Ohio)